What are metabolites?

Metabolites are small organic molecules that play critical roles in metabolism, which is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. These molecules can be categorized into primary metabolites, which are essential for normal growth, development, and reproduction, and secondary metabolites, which often serve ecological functions such as defending against predators or competing with other organisms. The importance of metabolites lies in their involvement in various biochemical pathways, where they act as substrates, products, and regulators. They are central to energy production, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and the regulation of physiological functions, making them indispensable for the survival of living organisms.

While some may think of cellular waste products, large protein structures, or genetic materials as relevant, these do not capture the essence of metabolites, which are specifically the small organic molecules that are key participants in metabolic processes.