What is the primary function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Peroxisomes play a crucial role in the cellular metabolism of eukaryotic cells, primarily through their involvement in oxidation and degradation processes. They are specialized organelles that contain a variety of enzymes responsible for breaking down fatty acids and amino acids. One of the key functions of peroxisomes is the oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, which is critical for energy metabolism and maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis.

Additionally, peroxisomes are involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of various metabolic reactions. They contain the enzyme catalase, which converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thereby preventing potential damage from oxidative stress. This oxidative capability is essential for cellular health and function, as it helps mitigate oxidative damage by effectively managing reactive oxygen species.

While other cellular functions such as energy production, genetic material storage, and cell division are critical for overall cellular function, they are not the primary roles of peroxisomes. Instead, the activities of peroxisomes are fundamental for metabolism, particularly in the context of lipid degradation and cellular detoxification.