What role do antioxidants play in biological systems?

Antioxidants play a crucial role in biological systems by protecting cells from oxidative damage. This protection is vital because oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, can lead to cellular damage, inflammation, and various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, particularly during processes such as respiration. These molecules can be damaging if not adequately regulated, as they can react with and damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. Antioxidants neutralize these free radicals, thereby minimizing their potential harmful effects on cellular structures and functions.

Furthermore, antioxidants can help maintain the integrity of cellular components and support overall metabolic health. In doing so, they contribute to the body's defense mechanisms, ensuring that cells can operate efficiently without the detrimental consequences of oxidative stress.